Solid, rapid-setting, rigid polyurethanes

ABSTRACT

Compositions which will rapidly set to produce solid, rigid polyurethanes without the use of a catalyst comprise an amine initiated polyether polyol such as triethanol amine, an aromatic polyisocyanate, such as toluene diisocyanate and a liquid modifier compound having a boiling point above about 150° C such as dioctylphthalate.

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.327,718, filed Jan. 29, 1973 now abandoned, which is acontinuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 221,784, filed Jan. 28,1972 now abandoned.

This invention relates to rapid-setting, rigid, polyurethanecompositions comprising an amine initiated polyol, an organic aromaticpolyisocyanate and a liquid modifier compound boiling above about 150°C.

Rapid-setting, rigid polyurethanes are known and taught in U.S. Pat. No.3,378,511 and in copending applications having Serial Numbers and filingdates of Ser. No. 179,149 filed Sept. 9, 1971; Ser. No. 195,498, filedNov. 3, 1971, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,726,827, and 191,343 filed Oct. 21,1971, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,726,827.

Each of these disclose rapid-setting polyurethane compositions, but ineach instance, a catalyst for urethane formation is required.

It has now been discovered that rapid-setting, solid, rigid polyurethanecompositions can be prepared without the use of a catalyst or externallyapplied heat.

By the term "rigid" or non-elastomeric as used herein, it is meant thatthe compositions which when solidified or set have percent elongationvalues at the break point of less than 100 percent.

By the term "solid" as used herein, it is meant that the compositionswhen solidified or set have densities of at least 1 gram per cubiccentimeter.

The term "rapid-setting" as used herein means that the composition willrapidly solidify without the application of external sources of heat andcan be removed from a mold within 5 minutes and preferably within 3minutes from the time the reactants are mixed together. Upon removalfrom the mold, the products have sufficient strength to be handled andnormally have sufficient strength to be employed to their intendedpurpose; however, the physical properties, if desired, usually can beimproved by post curing at elevated temperatures.

The rapid-setting, solid, rigid polyurethane compositions of the presentinvention comprise

A. an amine initiated polyol having an equivalent weight of from about50 to less than about 250 and preferably from about 50 to about 200;

B. an organic aromatic polyisocyanate;

C. as a modifier compound, a liquid modifier compound having a boilingpoint above about 150° C selected from the group consisting ofhydroxyl-containing and non-hydroxyl-containing polyoxyalkylenecompounds, ester-modified polyoxyalkylene compounds, organic phosphates,organic phosphites, organic phosphonates, cyclic ethers, aromaticcompounds, partially hydrogenated aromatic compounds, organiccarbonates, chlorinated aliphatic compounds, cyclic sulfones, esters ofcarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof;

Wherein components (A) and (B) are present in quantities so as toprovide an NCO:OH ratio of from about 0.8:1 to about 1.5:1 andpreferably from about 0.9:1 to about 1.2:1 and most preferably fromabout 0.95:1 to about 1.05:1, and component (C) is employed inquantities of from about 5 to about 60%, and preferably from about 15 toabout 40% by weight based upon the combined weight of components (A),(B) and (C).

Suitable amine initiated polyols which are employed as component (A) inthe present invention include, for example, those prepared by reactingan alkylene oxide with an amine having from 3 to about 8 active hydrogenatoms.

Suitable amines include, for example, aliphatic and aromatic amines suchas, ammonia, ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane,1,5-diaminopropane, 1,6-diaminohexane, diethylenetriamine,triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine,toluenediamine, mixtures thereof and the like.

Suitable alkylene oxides include, for example, ethylene oxide,1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 2,3 -butyleneoxide, styreneoxide, epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, epiiodohydrin, mixtures thereofand the like.

Suitable organic aromatic polyisocyanates which are employed ascomponent (B) in the present invention include, for example, any organicaromatic polyisocyanate having 2 or more NCO groups per molecule and noother substituents capable of reacting with the hydroxyl groups of theamine initiated polyols employed as component (A) or the hydroxylcontaining compounds employed as component (C). Suitable suchpolyisocyanates include, for example, 2,4-toluenediisocyanate,2,6-toluenediisocyanate, xylylenediisocyanate,p,p'-diphenylmethanediisocyanate, p-phenylenediisocyanate, naphthalenediisocyanate, dianisidine diisocyanate, polymethylenepolyphenylisocyanate, mixtures of one or more polyisocyanates and thelike.

Other organic isocyanates which are suitably employed and which are tobe included in the term organic aromatic polyisocyanate includeisocyanate terminated prepolymers prepared from the previously mentionedamine initiated or hydroxyl initiated polyols and aromaticpolyisocyanates.

What is meant by the term "organic aromatic polyisocyanate" is that thepolyisocyanate contains at least one aromatic ring. Suitablepolyoxyalkylene compounds which are employed as the liquid modifiercompound (Component C) include for example,

1. a liquid, totally-capped or non-hydroxyl-containing block or randomlyformed polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the general formula##STR1## wherein R and R' are independently selected from saturated andunsaturated hydrocarbon groups having from about 1 to about 6,preferably from about 1 to about 3, carbon atoms; R₁, R₂, . . . andR_(n) are independently hydrogen, an aryl group, an alkyl group orhaloalkyl group, said alkyl or haloalkyl group having from about 1 toabout 2 carbon atoms with the proviso that when R₁, R₂ . . . R_(n) is ahaloalkyl group, it is present in minor amounts i.e. a ratio of fromabout 0 to about 10 percent of the total R₁, R₂ . . . R_(n) groups, andx₁, x₂, . . . x_(n) are integers, such that the boiling point of theliquid capped polyoxyalkylene glycol is above about 150° C;

2. a liquid partially capped, block or randomly formed polyoxyalkylenecompound represented by the general formula ##STR2## wherein R and R₁,R₂ . . . R_(n) are as defined in formula I above and x₁, x₂, . . . x_(n)are integers, the sum of which provides the partially cappedpolyoxyalkylene compound with a molecular weight of at least about 700;

3. a liquid, block or randomly formed polyoxyalkylene glycol representedby the general formula ##STR3## wherein R₁, R₂ . . . R_(n) are asdefined in formula I above and x₁, x₂ . . . x_(n) are integers, the sumof which provides the polyoxyalkylene glycol with an equivalent weightof at least about 700, and

4. a liquid, random or block polyoxyalkylene polyol having a hydroxylfunctionality of from 3 to about 8 represented by the general formula##STR4## wherein R₁, R₂ . . . R_(n) are as defined in formula I above, Zis the residue of an initiator compound having from 3 to about 8hydroxyl groups, x₁, x₂, . . . x_(n) are integers, the sum of whichprovides the polyoxyalkylene polyol with a hydroxyl equivalent weight ofat least about 500 and q is an integer having a value of from 3 to about8.

Suitable ester-modified polyoxyalkylene compounds which are employed asthe liquid modifier compound (Component C) include, for example, thoseliquid ester-modified polyethers having a boiling point above about 150°C represented by the general formula ##STR5## wherein A is the residueof an initiator of starting compound having from 1 to about 8 hydroxylgroups, Z is the residue, excluding the carboxyl groups, of an internalanhydride of a saturated or unsaturated acyclic aliphatic, a saturatedor unsaturated cyclic aliphatic, or aromatic polycarboxylic acid,halogenated derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof, each R is asubstituent independently selected from hydrogen atoms, an alkyl radicalhaving from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halomethyl radical, a phenylradical, and a phenoxymethyl radical, an alkoxymethyl radical with theproviso that one of the R substituents must be hydrogen, R' is hydrogenor a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group having from 1 to 20 carbonatoms, m has an average value of from about 1.0 to about 2.0, n has avalue from about 1 to about 5, x has a value from about 1 to about 8 andy has a value of 1 or 2 and wherein said estermodified polyethercompound has a hydroxyl equivalent weight above about 500 when 3 or morehydroxyl groups are present and when 2 hydroxyl groups are present, anaverage equivalent weight of above about 700 and when zero or onehydroxyl group is present a molecular weight of above about 700.

Suitable initiators which are employed to prepare the liquidpolyoxyalkylene and ester-modified polyoxyalkylene modifier compounds(Component C) of the present invention include compounds having from 1to about 8 hydroxyl groups such as, for example, methanol, ethanol,propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol,1,6-hexane diol, glycerine, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol,sorbitol, sucrose, mixtures thereof and the like.

When the liquid modifier compound, component (C), is an ester modifiedpolyether polyol, the initiator compound may also be and is preferablyan adduct of the above mentioned initiator compounds and one or more ofthe following vicinal epoxide-containing compounds, i.e. the initiatorcompound is a polyoxyalkylene compound having 1 to 8 hydroxyl groups,preferably 2 to about 3 or 4 hydroxyl groups.

Suitable vicinal epoxide compounds which may be reacted with the abovementioned initiator compounds to prepare the modifier compounds(Component C) employed in the present invention include, for example,ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 2,3-butyleneoxide, epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, epiiodohydrin, styrene oxide,mixtures thereof and the like.

The liquid modifier compounds represented by formulae I-IV and methodsfor their preparation are well known in the art, e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos.2,448,664; 2,425,755; 2,782,240 and 2,520,611. Methods for thepreparation of the liquid modifier compounds represented by the formulaV are given in a copending application Ser. No. 67,233, filed Aug. 26,1970 by Robert W. McAda, Jr. for "ESTER-MODIFIED POLYETHER POLYOLS" andin U.S. Pat. No. 3,502,601.

Suitable aromatic compounds which are employed as the liquid modifiercompound having a boiling point above about 150° C (Component C) in thepresent invention include, for example, straight and branch chainaliphatic, alkoxy and halogen substituted benzenes, aromatic substitutedbenzene and aromatic ethers, such as, for example, propenyl benzene,propylbenzene, butylbenzene, ethyltoluene, butyltoluene, propyltoluene,diphenyl oxide, biphenyl, o-, m- and p-diethyl-benzene, dodecylbenzene,octadecylbenzene, bromobenzene, 1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene,1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene, 1-bromo-2-iodobenzene, 1-bromo-3-iodobenzene,1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, o-dibromobenzene, m-dibromobenzene,o-dichlorobenzene, m-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dipropoxybenzene,1-ethyl-4-propylbenzene, 1-fluoro-4-iodobenzene, 4-bromo-o-xylene,α-bromo-m-xylene, 4-bromo-m-xylene, α-chloro-m-xylene, 4-ethyl-m-xylene,5-ethyl-m-xylene, 2-bromo-p-xylene, α-chloro-p-xylene, 2-ethyl-p-xylene,2-ethyl-p-xylene, o-bromotoluene, m-bromotoluene, o-, m-, andp-chlorotoluene, tertiary butylstyrene, α-bromostyrene, β-bromostyrene,α-chlorostyrene, β-chlorostyrene, mixtures thereof and the like.

The above compounds are represented by the following general formulaprovided it is understood that such compounds represented by the formulaare liquids and have boiling points at atmospheric pressure above about150° C. ##STR6## wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are independently selected froman alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms, an alkenylgroup having from 2 to about 3 carbon atoms, a halogen, an alkoxy group,an aromatic group and hydrogen.

Other suitable aromatic compounds which are employed as the liquidmodifier compound (Component C) in the present invention include liquidmulti-ring compounds having a boiling point above about 150° C such as,for example, 1-chloro-naphthalene, 1-bromo-naphthalene, mixtures thereofand the like.

Suitable partially hydrogenated multi-ring aromatic compounds which areemployed as the liquid modifier compound (Component C) in the presentinvention include, for example, 1,4-dihydronaphthalene,1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, mixtures thereof and the like.

Suitable organophosphorus compounds which are employed as the liquidmodifier compound, Component C, include, for example, organo phosphates,organo phosphites and organo phosphonates having boiling points aboveabout 150° C.

Organo phosphates, phosphites and phosphonates which are employed as theliquid modifier compound include those liquid compounds represented bythe formulae ##STR7## wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are independently selectedfrom the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxyaryl, aryloxyaryl, alkaryl,aralkyl groups and halogen substituted derivatives thereof. Y is oxygenor sulfur, X is a halogen, i.e. chlorine, fluorine, bromine or iodine, nhas a value of 1 or 2. Suitable such compounds include, for example,tri-n-butyl phosphate, triethylphosphate, tricresylphosphate,tris-(beta-chloroethyl)phosphate, tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate,butyl dichlorophosphate, 2-chloroethyl dichlorophosphate, ethyldichlorophosphate, diethyl fluorophosphate, bis(2-chloroethyl)fluorophosphate, dibutyl chlorophosphate, isoamyldichlorothionophosphate, ethyl dibromothiophosphate, 2-chlorophenyldichlorophosphate, 2-methoxyphenyl dichlorophosphate, 2-phenoxyphenyldichlorophosphate, 2-chloroethyl dichlorophosphite,tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite,triethyl phosphite, diethyl isoamylphosphonate, diethylethylphosphonate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl methylphosphonate,diisobutyl isobutylphosphonate, bis(2-bromopropyl)-2-bromopropanephosphonate.

The organo phosphorus compounds can be prepared by procedures describedin ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, G. M. Kosolapoff, John Wiley & Sons,Inc., 1950.

Suitable liquid organic carbonates which are employed as the liquidmodifier, component C, in the present invention include the acyclic andcyclic carbonates represented by the formulae ##STR8## wherein each R₁and R₂ are independently aryl, alkyl (having from about 1 to about 6carbon atoms) or alkenyl groups (having from about 1 to about 6 carbonatoms) and substituted derivatives thereof and each R₃ and R₄ areselected from the same groups as R₁ and R₂ and hydrogen.

Suitable liquid acyclic organic carbonates which are employed in thepresent invention include, for example, bis(2-chloroethyl carbonate),di-n-butyl carbonate, butyldiglycol carbonate, cresyldiglycol carbonate,dibutyl carbonate, di-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, dimethallyl carbonate,dinonyl carbonate and the like. The organic acyclic carbonate may beprepared by procedures given in U.S. Pat. No. 2,687,425.

Suitable liquid cyclic organic carbonates, include, for example,propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, styrene carbonate, mixturesthereof and the like. The cyclic organic carbonates may be prepared inthe manner described in Canadian Patent No. 556,006.

Suitable cyclic polyethers which are employed as the liquid modifier(component C) include, for example, the cyclic tetramer of ethyleneoxide, cyclic pentamer of propylene oxide, cyclic tetramer of propyleneoxide, mixtures of the above and mixtures of cyclic pentamers and aboveof ethylene oxide and or propylene oxide. Any liquid cyclic polyetherhaving a boiling point above 150° C may be employed as the liquidmodifier in the present invention including cyclic polyethers preparedfrom butylene oxide, epichlorohydrin and the like.

The liquid cyclic polyether compounds can be prepared by proceduresmentioned in "Cyclic Polyethers and Their Complexes with Metal Salts" byC. J. Pedersen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 89, p. 7017-7036, 1968,"Twelve-Membered Polyether Rings. The Cyclic Tetramers of Some OlefinOxides" by R. S. Kern; J. Org. Chem., Vol. 33, p. 388-390, 1968; BritishPatent Nos. 785,229 and 1,108,921.

Suitable chlorinated aliphatic compounds having a boiling point about150° C which are employed as the modifier compound in the presentinvention include, for example, such chlorinated aliphatic compounds ashexachlorobutadiene, tetrochlorobutadiene, 1,2,3,3-tetrachlorobutane,1,2,3-trichloropropene, polyepichlorohydrin diol having an equivalentweight above about 700 up to about 4000, chlorinated paraffins, e.g."Chlorowax" No. 40, 1-mercapto-3-chloropropanol-2,3-chloropropane-1,2-diol, 2-chloropropane, 1,3-diol,1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, mixtures thereof and the like.

Suitable cyclic sulfones which are employed as the liquid modifiercompound include the 5-membered cyclic sulfones such as, for example,3-methylsulfolane (3-methyltetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide) and thelike.

Suitable esters of a carboxylic acid which are employed as component (C)in the present invention include those esters prepared from mono- andpolycarboxylic acids having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms suchas for example, phthalic, adipic, acetoacetic, formic, acetic, abietic,acids, and the like and wherein the ester portion contains from about 1to about 20 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl,cyclohexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, eicosyl and the like so long as thecarboxylic acid ester has a boiling point above about 150° C and is aliquid at room temperature.

These acid esters can be prepared by condensing an acid having fromabout 1 to about 20 carbon atoms with a saturated or unsaturatedaliphatic alcohol having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, with theproviso that the ester product is a liquid and has a b.p. >150° C.

The term "liquid modifier boiling above about 150° C" includes eutecticmixtures of the previously described classes of compounds which aresolids at atmospheric pressure but said eutectic mixtures are a liquidat room temperature and atmospheric pressure which have boiling pointsabove about 150° C. Also included in the definition are those solidcompounds of the classes previously described which are dissolved in aliquid member of any of the described classes of compounds havingboiling points above about 150° C wherein the resultant solution is aliquid at standard conditions of temperature and pressure and haveboiling points at atmospheric pressure above about 150° C.

Other components including inert fillers such as, for example, sand,microballoons, glass fibers, asbestos, aluminum granules, siliconcarbide powder and the like, coloring agents, such as pigments and dyesincluding, for example, chromic oxide, ferric oxide, mixtures thereofand the like may be employed in the compositions of the presentinvention without detracting from the scope thereof.

Suitable materials from which adequate molds, for casting thecompositions of the present invention, may be prepared include polymerssuch as, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, their copolymers andthe like, polyurethanes, polysiloxane elastomers, Mylar, curedpolyepoxides, mixtures thereof and the like.

It is preferred to employ relatively thin wall molds or molds having alow heat capacity or thermal conductivity. Heavy molds made ofrelatively high thermal conductivity materials such as aluminum, copper,iron or steel and the like may present curing problems, i.e. thereactants may not be readily demolded unless the mold is preheated toabout 50°-90° C, especially when casting relatively thin sections.However, high thermal conductivity materials such as copper or aluminumcan be employed as thin wall molds without preheating if the thermalcapacity of the mold is relatively low compared to the amount of heatliberated in the casting.

The compositions of the present invention are useful as, but notrestricted to such uses as, a casting material for preparing bearingsurfaces, annular spacers, game pieces, decorative objects, furniture orfurniture components, gears or other machine components, threadedprotective plugs and caps, and the like.

In some instances, a mixture of the components (A) and (B) are soincompatible that the reaction occurs very slowly (i.e. solidificationrequires more than 10 minutes). When this occurs, a modifier-compoundhaving a high dielectric constant measured at 20° C., and a frequency of1 × 10⁴ cycles per second of greater than 4 and preferably greater than8, such as, for example, ethylacetoacetate, propylene carbonate,acetophenone, and dimethyl phthalate can be employed to render themixture compatible.

These compounds tend to render the components (A) and (B) morecompatible, in that they can be blended and will rapidly react to yielda fast setting solid that is demoldable in less than 5 minutes.

The modifier-compatabilizer compounds are employed in the range of fromabout 2.5 to about 60% by weight of the combined weight of components(A), (B) and (C) and such quantities are included as a portion of thetotal quantity of component (C) present in the composition.

If the time interval between addition of the polyisocyanate to the amineinitiated polyol and the "sudden solidification" of the formulations ofthe present invention is too short for a given application or situation,the delay time before solidification occurs can be increased by theaddition of a low equivalent weight (less than 200 equiv. wt.) liquid,non-amine initiated polyol having a hydroxyl functionality of 2 to 8,preferably having a functionality of 3 to 8.

The weight ratio of non-amine initiated polyol to the amine initiatedpolyol must be less than 2:1 and generally preferably less than 1:1.

If the delay time between blending of a given polyisocyanate and a givenamine initiated polyol and the solidification time is in the order ofabout 20 seconds, any addition of a non-amine initiated polyol willincrease the delay time before solidification and the addition of anequal weight ratio of non-amine initiated polyol can increase the delaybefore solidification up to about 120 seconds.

The following examples are illustrative of the present invention but arenot to be construed as to limiting the scope thereof in any manner.

In each of the examples and comparative experiments, all of thecomponents except the polyisocyanate were thoroughly blended togetherand then the polyisocyanate was rapidly blended into the mixture andimmediately poured into a polyethylene mold or a Mylar tray.

The compositions, setting and demolding times and properties of theproducts are given in the following table.

    __________________________________________________________________________    Example or                                                                    Comparative                                                                   Experiment                                                                           Component A                                                                           Component B                                                                           Component C                                                                           Time*in Sec. to                                                                         Density                                                                            Other Properties or             No.    Type                                                                              Grams                                                                             Type                                                                              Grams                                                                             Type                                                                              Grams                                                                             Solidify                                                                           Demold                                                                             Grams/cc                                                                           Remarks                         __________________________________________________________________________    Ex. 1  A   26  A   30  A   30  15   30   1.16 Shore D hardness = 92           Comp.Exp.A                                                                           A   26  A   30  none                                                                              --  25   --   0.61 Swelled, cracked, distorted                                                   and                                                                           formed gross fissures or                                                      cracks.                         Ex. 2  B   35  A   30  B   30  25   70   1.08 Off white, opaque product.      Comp.Exp.B                                                                           B   30  A   30  none                                                                              --  --   --   0.59 Swelled and cracked.            Ex. 3  A   33  B   50  C   33  20   40   >1.0 Opaque, cream colored,                                                        solid.                          Ex. 4  A   52  A   60  C   60  20   40   1.16 Shore D hardness = 96,                                                        Tensile Strength = 7428 psi                                                   at                                                                            an elongation of 8%.            Ex. 5  A   52  C   92  D   60  35   50   >1.0 Tensile strength = 9765 psi                                                   at                                                                            an elongation of 10%.           Ex. 6  A   26  A   30  E   60  50   54   1.12 Shore D hardness = 79           Ex. 7  A   26  A   30  E   30  20   45   1.14 Shore D hardness = 88           Ex. 8  A   26  A   30  F   30  25   50   1.13 Shore D hardness = 73           Ex. 9  C   18  D   45  C   10  90   120  >1.0 Opaque, white solid                                    G   10                                                 Ex. 10 C   18  C   46  G   10  40   80   >1.0                                 Ex. 11 C   18  C   46  C   10  90   180  >1.0                                                        G   10                                                 Ex. 12 D   42  A   30  D   30  40   90   1.07 Shore D hardness                __________________________________________________________________________                                                  = 89                             *The time was measured from the moment the polyisocyanate was blended int     the mixture.                                                             

The amine initiated polyols employed as component (A) in the precedingexamples and comparative experiments were as follows:

Type A was aminoethylethanol amine reacted with propylene oxide in amolar ratio of about 1:3 respectively having a hydroxyl equivalentweight of about 72.

Type B was the reaction product of diethylene triamine with propyleneoxide in a molar ratio of about 1:5 respectively and having an OHequivalent weight of about 76.

Type C was triethanolamine.

Type D was the reaction product of diethylenetriamine with propyleneoxide in a molor ratio of about 1:8 respectively and having an OHequivalent weight of about 115.

The polyisocyanates employed as component (B) in the preceding examplesand comparative experiments were as follows:

Type A was an 80/20 mixture of the 2,4-/2,6-isomers oftoluenediisocyanate having an NCO equivalent weight of about 87.

Type B was a dimerized diphenylmethane diisocyanate having an averagefunctionality of about 2.25 and an NCO equivalent weight of about 144.

Type C was a polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate having an averagefunctionality of about 2.6 and an NCO equivalent weight of about 134.

Type D was a prepolymer having a % free NCO of about 32 prepared byreacting an 80/20 mixture of 2,4/2,6-toluenediisocyanate with thereaction product of glycerine with propylene oxide to an OH equivalentweight of about 87.

The modifier compounds employed as component (C) in the precedingexamples and comparative experiments were as follows:

Type A was trichlorobenzene.

Type B was the reaction product of glycerine with propylene oxide to amolecular weight of about 1500.

Type C was dioctylphthalate.

Type D was a mixed stream of aromatic-containing compounds containingpolyethylbenzenes as the residue stream obtained from the manufacture ofethyl benzene and having a typical composition by weight as follows:

3% triethylbenzene

11% tetraethylbenzene

1% pentaethylbenzene

3% bis-ethylphenylethane

8% ethylphenyl-phenylethane

13% 1,1-diphenylethane

61% higher boiling components

Type E was diphenylether.

Type F was a liquid chlorinated paraffin having a specific gravity ofabout 1.15, a viscosity at 25° C of about 25 poises and containing about40% by weight chlorine commerically available as Chlorowax No. 40 fromDiamond Alkali Co.

Type G was ethylacetoacetate.

EXAMPLE 13

The following two compositions were prepared by mixing the polyol andthe dioctylphthlate together and then mixing the toluene diisocyanatewith the previous mixture in a polyethylene beaker and poured into aMylar tray.

The compositions and results are given below.

Composition A (Present Invention)

45 grams of an amine initiated polyol that is the reaction product ofdiethylenetriamine with propylene oxide to an OH equivalent weight ofabout 78.

50 grams of dioctylphthlate.

50 grams of an 80/20 mixture of 2,4-/2,6-toluenediisocyanate.

The mixture rapidly solidified within a period of about 25 seconds afteradmixture of the components. The solid sheet product was removed fromthe Mylar tray after 1 minute measured from the time the components weremixed together.

The 3/4 inch thick transparent, rigid polymer product was found: (1) tobe relatively tough as evidenced by repeatedly dropping (5 times) thesheet onto a concrete surface from a height of about 5 feet with noevidence of shattering, (2) to have a density of >1 gram/cc and (3) tohave a Shore D hardness of 80-85.

Composition B (Comparative)

50 grams of an OH initiated polyol that is the reaction product ofglycerine with propylene oxide to an OH equivalent weight of about 87.

50 grams of dioctylphthlate.

50 grams of an 80/20 mixture of 2,4-/2,6-toluenediisocyanate.

After a period of 2 hours, measured from the time all of the componentshad been mixed together, the composition was still a pourable liquid.

The following composition was prepared by blending the componentstogether in a polyethylene beaker. The composition and results were asfollows:

Composition C (Essentially Example V, Sample No. 4 of Heiss, U.S. Pat.No. 3,143,517)

11.1 grams of triethanol amine

38.9 grams of m-tolylene diisocyanate

50.0 grams of chlorinated biphenyl containing 48% chlorine.

The polyethylene beaker containing the mixture of the above compositionwas allowed to stand at ambient temperature, about 25° C, and after 12hours from the time the composition was mixed, the composition was anamber, syrupy, pourable liquid.

EXAMPLE 14

Components of the composition:

30 grams amine polyol, Type A

30 grams of the reaction product of glycerine with propylene oxide to anaverage molecular weight of about 260.

60 grams of dioctyl phthalate

60 grams of polyisocyanate Type A.

After rapidly stirring the polyisocyanate into a mixture of the othercomponents, the liquid mixture was poured into a 450 cc polyethylenebeaker. About 90 seconds after stirring in the TDI, the liquid mixturebegan to turn opaque and in another 30 seconds, this mixture hadsolidified into an opaque white solid. Four minutes after addition ofthe TDI, this cast rigid polymer was removed from the polyethylene mold.This tough dense opaque white casting was found to exhibit a Shore Dhardness greater than 80 and a density of 1.13 g/cc.

EXAMPLE 15

In the following example, all of the components were thoroughly blendedtogether and then the polyisocyanate was rapidly blended into themixture and immediately poured into a polyethylene beaker. Thecomposition and properties of the resultant product are given below.

30 grams of the adduct of 2,4-toluene diamine with propylene oxide in amole ratio of 1:10 respectively. The adduct had an OH equivalent weightof about 175;

15 grams of dipropylene glycol dibenzoate;

15 grams of an 80/20 mixture of 2,4-/2,6-toluene diisocyanate having anNCO equivalent weight of about 87.

The mixture suddenly solidified within about 90 seconds and was demoldedwithin about 180 seconds measured from the instant the toluenediisocyanate was blended. The resultant solid, brown, rigid object had adensity greater than 1 g/cc and a Shore D hardness of greater than about80.

I claim:
 1. A rigid non-cellular, solid composition having a density ofat least 1 g/cc, a percent elongation of less than 100 and which isdemoldable, without the application of an external source of heat,within about 5 minutes after admixture of the components of arapid-setting polyurethane-forming composition comprising:A. an amineinitiated polyol having an OH equivalent weight of from about 50 to lessthan about 250; B. an organic aromatic polyisocyanate; C. a liquidmodifier compound having a boiling point above about 150° C selectedfrom esters of carboxylic acids; andwherein components (A) and (B) arepresent in quantities such that the NCO:OH ratio is from about 0.8:1 toabout 1.5:1 and component (C) is employed in quantities of from about 5to about 60% by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and(C).
 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein components (A) and (B) arepresent in quantities such that the NCO:OH ratio is from about 0.90:1 toabout 1.2:1 and component (C) is present in quantities of from about 15to about 40% by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and(C).
 3. The composition of claim 2 wherein components (A) and (B) arepresent in quantities such that the NCO:OH ratio is from about 0.95:1 toabout 1.05:1 and wherein component (A) has an equivalent weight of fromabout 50 to about
 200. 4. The composition of claim 3 wherein component(C) is dioctylphthalate.
 5. The composition of claim 3 wherein component(C) is ethylacetoacetate.
 6. The articles resulting from casting therapid-setting mixtures of claim
 1. 7. The articles of claim 6 whereinsaid articles are furniture components.
 8. The articles of claim 6wherein said articles are decorative objects.
 9. The articles of claim 6wherein said articles are machine components.
 10. A process forproducing solid, rigid, polyurethane articles having a density of atleast 1 g/cc, a percent elongation of less than 100, and which can bedemolded within a period of about 5 minutes without the addition of anexternal source of heat and in the absence of a catalytic quantity of acatalyst which process comprises1. admixing the components of acomposition comprisingA. an amine initiated polyol having an OHequivalent weight of from about 50 to less than about 250; B. an organicaromatic polyisocyanate; C. a liquid modifier having a boiling pointabove about 150° C selected from esters of carboxylic acids; whereincomponents (A) and (B) are present in quantities such that the NCO:OHratio is from about 0.8:1 to about 1.5:1 and component (C) is employedin quantities of from about 5% to about 60% by weight of the combinedweights of components (A), (B) and (C);
 2. placing the admixedcomposition into a suitable mold wherein said composition solidifieswithin less than about 5 minutes to a solid having a density of at least1 g/cc; and
 3. subsequently demolding the resultant article from themold.
 11. The process of claim 10 wherein components (A) and (B) arepresent in quantities such that the NCO:OH ratio is from about 0.90:1 toabout 1.2:1 and component (C) is present in quantities of from about 15%to about 40% by weight of the combined weight of components (A), (B) and(C).
 12. The process of claim 11 wherein components (A) and (B) arepresent in quantities such that the NCO:OH ratio is from about 0.95:1 toabout 1.05:1 and wherein component (A) has an OH equivalent weight offrom about 50 to about
 200. 13. The process of claim 12 whereincomponent (C) is dioctylphthalate.
 14. The process of claim 12 whereincomponent (C) is ethylacetoacetate.
 15. The articles produced by theprocess of claim
 10. 16. The articles of claim 15 wherein said articlesare furniture components.
 17. The articles of claim 15 wherein saidarticles are machine components.